Scientists Complete Construction of Synthetic Yeast Chromosome
In a groundbreaking project known as Sc2.0, the international synthetic yeast genome collaboration has achieved a major milestone by constructing a synthetic chromosome. This remarkable feat involved the creation of one of the 16 chromosomes of the yeast genome, specifically chromosome XI (synXI).
Unlocking the Potential of Synthetic Biology
The synthetic yeast chromosome XI is not just an ordinary chromosome. It has been engineered with new features that give cells unique capabilities not found in nature. These modifications allow scientists to generate millions of distinct cell variants with different properties. By selecting individuals with desirable traits, this process can be harnessed for various applications in biotechnology, bioenergy, and medicine. Essentially, it’s like supercharging evolution.
A First Step in Synthetic Eukaryote Genome Creation
The Sc2.0 project marks the first attempt to create a synthetic eukaryote genome, which encompasses organisms such as fungi, plants, and animals. Yeast was chosen as the ideal candidate due to its relatively small genome and natural ability to incorporate DNA. This unique characteristic enabled scientists to construct synthetic chromosomes within yeast cells.
Yeast has a long-standing relationship with humans. Throughout history, we have utilized yeast for baking, brewing, chemical production, and as a model organism for understanding cellular processes. This familiarity with yeast genetics makes it an ideal choice for this ambitious project.
Unveiling the Potential of Synthetic Chromosomes
The completion of the synthetic yeast chromosome XI has opened up new possibilities for scientific exploration. One significant breakthrough is the chromosome’s potential as a tool for studying extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs). These circular DNA molecules have detached from the genome and are increasingly recognized as factors in aging, cancer development, and chemotherapy resistance. By repurposing the synthetic chromosome, researchers can delve deeper into the dynamics of eccDNAs and gain valuable insights into these complex biological processes.
Dr. Ben Blount, an Assistant Professor at the University of Nottingham and one of the lead scientists on the project, expressed his excitement about the synthetic chromosomes, stating, “These synthetic chromosomes are not only remarkable technical achievements but also open up a vast array of possibilities for studying and applying biology. From developing environmentally friendly microbial strains to advancing our understanding and treatment of diseases, the potential is immense.”
Professor Tom Ellis from Imperial College London emphasized the significance of this achievement, stating, “By successfully constructing a redesigned chromosome that can seamlessly replace a natural chromosome, our team has laid the foundation for designing and creating synthetic chromosomes and even genomes for complex organisms like plants and animals.”
Photo: Freepik.com
